Hosokawa Fujitaka (細川 藤孝, June 3, 1534 – October 6, 1610) was a Japanese daimyo of the Sengoku period. Also known as Hosokawa Yūsai (細川 幽斎). Fujitaka was a prominent retainer of the last Ashikaga shoguns. When he joined the Oda, Oda Nobunaga rewarded him with the fief of Tango. His son, Hosokawa Tadaoki, went on to become one of the Oda clan's senior generals.
After the Incident at Honnō-ji (1582), Fujitaka refused to join Akechi Mitsuhide. However, he did not join Akechi in battle at Yamazaki, despite the fact that his son, Hosokawa Tadaoki, was married to Akechi's daughter, Hosokawa Gracia. Fujitaka shaved his head in the Buddhist tonsure, changed his name to the priestly "Yūsai," and delegated his status as daimyo to Tadaoki. However, he remained an active force in politics as a cultural advisor, under both Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu. Hideyoshi granted Fujitaka a retirement estate worth 3,000 koku in Yamashiro Province in 1586, and added an additional 3,000 koku in 1595.
Ishida Mitsunari had asked Fujitaka to join the Western Army, but Fujitaka refused due to one of Ishida's schemes which resulted in Gracia's and his granddaughter's death. As a general in the Eastern Army, he garrisoned Tanabe Castle with around 500 soldiers. When Tanabe Castle was besieged by the Western Army, the general commanding the siege had great respect for Fujitaka. Because of this, the attack lacked the usual spirit involved in a samurai siege: the attackers amused themselves by shooting the walls with cannons loaded only with gunpowder. Fujitaka laid down arms only after an imperial decree from Emperor Go-Yōzei. However, this was 19 days before Sekigahara, and he (along with the attackers) was not able to join the battle.
Fujitaka was buried in Kyoto, but has a second grave in Kumamoto, which his grandson Tadatoshi ruled.